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Confessions of An Economic Hitman

2019-03-14T20:54:13Z

Hurrikaneandy:

John Perkins’ Confessions of an Economic Hitman details Perkins’ life and career with the Boston-based engineering firm Chas. T Main (Charles T Main), and how the Central Intelligence Agency has infiltrated many of these global engineering and finance firms. As a result, there is a shadow finance organization in place, working in concert with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, behind the scenes to topple regimes and extend American empire through economic warfare.

Recruited by the NSA in 1968, while still in business school, Perkins was identified as a good candidate for an economic hitman. During a three-year stint in Brazil with the Peace Corps, Perkins was contacted by the vice president of Chas. T Main, a major consulting firm, who offered Perkins a job with the implied understanding that he would be working as a member of the NSA as an economic hitman.

Chas. T Main was an engineering-slash-construction firm on paper, but their job was to convince developing states to take out massive construction loans from the World Bank for infrastructure projects, which they would facilitate by convincing the World Bank to make the loan. That money, often billions of dollars, would then make its way back to the US in the form of contracts with major US construction companies to build the projects. The purpose behind this is to place the developing country in a situation where they are unable to pay their debt. When a state is unable to pay their debts, quite often they have little recourse but to sell off their resources and assets at fire-sale prices, and US corporate interests are more than happy to step in with the required capital. These resources may be oil, like in Ecuador; or physical property, such as the Panama Canal. In this way, US interests are able to effectively destroy a nation, without firing a shot.

According to Perkins, if the economic hitmen fail then the CIA sends in the ‘jackals’—whom he describes as “CIA sanctioned trouble-makers”—operatives tasked with generating disturbances, civil unrest, and coups if necessary. If indirect intervention by the jackals proved ineffective, then the jackals would arrange for an assassination of the contentious leader. Successful operations include the assassinations of Omar Torrijos of Panama and Jaime Roldos Aguilera of Ecuador, the military coups that ousted Jacobo Arbanz of Guatemala and Salvador Allende in Chile, just to name a few. According to Perkins, the invasion of Iraq is due—in large part—to the fact that both the economic hitmen and the jackals were unsuccessful in their efforts to get their hands on Saddam Hussein’s oil. When the hitmen and jackals fail, the US sends in the military under one pretense or another.

One of the most troubling aspects of Perkins’ account is when he discusses how the CIA decided that Islam, and not communism, was the real threat to capitalism because communism did not have a spiritual component. Islam, in contrast, is a belief system built on a sturdy framework of social justice and equality, which are two ideals that capitalism likes to pander to, despite the fact that Keynesian neoliberal trade and global economic policies do not allow room for justice or equality, at least not on a global scale. The global economic policies on the post-WWII years have created a world-wide system of inequality, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) playing the role of enforcer. When a state can no longer pay its debts, the IMF will provide conditional loans for the state to pay its debts. The problem is that the conditions attached have far-reaching and long-lasting ramifications, from structural re-adjustment, to elimination of all trade barriers and the creation of so-called “free trade zones”, duty free areas where foreign corporations can set up assembly/manufacturing facilities—quite often with heavy tax breaks from the host government—where they can import unfinished materials, assemble their product using cheap, exploitable local labor, and then turn around and export finished products without having to pay any duty fees. There is no shortage of tales of worker abuse in various free trade zones around the world. Ultimately, these global economic policies benefit the most powerful Western nations, while seriously undermining developing nations around the globe.

Perkins details the methods through which the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is able to identify and train these types of unique covert operatives by acknowledging the fact that money, power, and sex are highly effective tools for corrupting weak-willed individuals. John Perkins was no exception, and he freely admits his shortcomings and weaknesses. He is quite candid about his past, and he makes no attempt to re-write his history in a more positive light, but it is his criticisms of the very system that he was recruited to serve that make for such an important topic.

Confessions of An Economic Hitman

2019-03-14T20:53:13Z

Hurrikaneandy: Created page with "John Perkins’ Confessions of an Economic Hitman details Perkins’ life and career with the Boston-based engineering firm Chas. T Main (Charles T Main), and how the Central..."

John Perkins’ Confessions of an Economic Hitman details Perkins’ life and career with the Boston-based engineering firm Chas. T Main (Charles T Main), and how the Central Intelligence Agency has infiltrated many of these global engineering and finance firms. As a result, there is a shadow finance organization in place, working in concert with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, behind the scenes to topple regimes and extend American empire through economic warfare.

Recruited by the NSA in 1968, while still in business school, Perkins was identified as a good candidate for an economic hitman. During a three-year stint in Brazil with the Peace Corps, Perkins was contacted by the vice president of a Chas. T Main, a major consulting firm, who offered Perkins a job with the implied understanding that he would be working as a member of the NSA as an economic hitman.

Chas. T Main was an engineering-slash-construction firm on paper, but their job was to convince developing states to take out massive construction loans from the World Bank for infrastructure projects, which they would facilitate by convincing the World Bank to make the loan. That money, often billions of dollars, would then make its way back to the US in the form of contracts with major US construction companies to build the projects. The purpose behind this is to place the developing country in a situation where they are unable to pay their debt. When a state is unable to pay their debts, quite often they have little recourse but to sell off their resources and assets at fire-sale prices, and US corporate interests are more than happy to step in with the required capital. These resources may be oil, like in Ecuador; or physical property, such as the Panama Canal. In this way, US interests are able to effectively destroy a nation, without firing a shot.

According to Perkins, if the economic hitmen fail then the CIA sends in the ‘jackals’—whom he describes as “CIA sanctioned trouble-makers”—operatives tasked with generating disturbances, civil unrest, and coups if necessary. If indirect intervention by the jackals proved ineffective, then the jackals would arrange for an assassination of the contentious leader. Successful operations include the assassinations of Omar Torrijos of Panama and Jaime Roldos Aguilera of Ecuador, the military coups that ousted Jacobo Arbanz of Guatemala and Salvador Allende in Chile, just to name a few. According to Perkins, the invasion of Iraq is due—in large part—to the fact that both the economic hitmen and the jackals were unsuccessful in their efforts to get their hands on Saddam Hussein’s oil. When the hitmen and jackals fail, the US sends in the military under one pretense or another.

One of the most troubling aspects of Perkins’ account is when he discusses how the CIA decided that Islam, and not communism, was the real threat to capitalism because communism did not have a spiritual component. Islam, in contrast, is a belief system built on a sturdy framework of social justice and equality, which are two ideals that capitalism likes to pander to, despite the fact that Keynesian neoliberal trade and global economic policies do not allow room for justice or equality, at least not on a global scale. The global economic policies on the post-WWII years have created a world-wide system of inequality, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) playing the role of enforcer. When a state can no longer pay its debts, the IMF will provide conditional loans for the state to pay its debts. The problem is that the conditions attached have far-reaching and long-lasting ramifications, from structural re-adjustment, to elimination of all trade barriers and the creation of so-called “free trade zones”, duty free areas where foreign corporations can set up assembly/manufacturing facilities—quite often with heavy tax breaks from the host government—where they can import unfinished materials, assemble their product using cheap, exploitable local labor, and then turn around and export finished products without having to pay any duty fees. There is no shortage of tales of worker abuse in various free trade zones around the world. Ultimately, these global economic policies benefit the most powerful Western nations, while seriously undermining developing nations around the globe.

Perkins details the methods through which the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is able to identify and train these types of unique covert operatives by acknowledging the fact that money, power, and sex are highly effective tools for corrupting weak-willed individuals. John Perkins was no exception, and he freely admits his shortcomings and weaknesses. He is quite candid about his past, and he makes no attempt to re-write his history in a more positive light, but it is his criticisms of the very system that he was recruited to serve that make for such an important topic.

Twentieth Century United States

2019-03-14T20:52:23Z

Hurrikaneandy:

==Book Summaries==
* Donna Alvah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/women-and-children-first-the-importance-of-gender-and-military-families-in-the-cold-war-era/ Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946-1965] (2007).
* Luis Alvarez. [[The Power of the Zoot|The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II]] (2008).
* Karen Anderson. [[Wartime Women|Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II]] (1981).
* Michael Aronson. [[Nickelodeon City|Nickelodeon City: Pittsburgh at the Movies, 1905-1929]] (2008).
* Eric Avila. [[Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight|Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight: Fear and Fantasy in Suburban Los Angeles]] (2004).
* Beth Bailey. [[America’s Army|America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force]] (2009).
* Beth Bailey & David Farber. [[The First Strange Place|The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii]] (1992).
* Beth Bailey. [[From Front Porch to Back Seat|From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America]] (1989).
* Francis X. Blouin, and William G. Rosenberg. [[Processing the Past|Processing the Past : Contesting Authority in History and the Archives]](2011)
*Charles Blow. [[Fire Shut Up In My Bones]] (2014).
* Shawn Chandler Bingham. [[The Bohemian South|The Bohemian South: Creating Countercultures, from Poe to Punk]] (2017).
* Mark Brilliant. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/californication-race-ethnicity-and-unity-in-twentieth-century-california/ Californication: Race, Ethnicity, and Unity in Twentieth Century California] (2012).
* Amy Bridges. [[Morning Glories]] (1999).
* Laura Briggs. [[Reproducing Empire|Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico]] (2002).
* Alan Brinkley. [[Voices of Protest|Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression]] (1983).
* Charlotte Brooks. [[Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends|Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends: Asian Americans, Housing, and the Transformation of Urban California]] (2009).
* William Fitzhugh Brundage. [[The Southern Past|The Southern Past: a Clash of Race and Memory]] (2005).
* Catherine Fisher Collins. [[The Imprisonment of African American Women| The Imprisonment of African American Women: Causes, Conditions, and Future Implications]] (1997).
* Robert Caro. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/12/dog-days-classics-robert-caros-controversial-portrait-of-robert-moses-and-new-york/ The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York](1974)
* Ta-Nehisi Coates. [[We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy]] (2017).
* Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for the Nation and Chicago] (2001)
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[A Consumers’ Republic|A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America]] (2003).
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[Making a New Deal|Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939]] (2008).
* Stephanie Coontz. [[The Way We Never Were|The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap]] (1992).
* Nancy F. Cott. [[Public Vows|Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation]] (2002).
* Alfred W. Crosby. [[America's Forgotten Pandemic|America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918]] (2003).
* Pete Daniel, [[Lost Revolutions|Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s]] (2000)
* Mike Davis. [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]] (2006).
* Mike Davis & Michael Sprinker. [[Magical Urbanism|Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US Big City]] (2001).
* Michael J. Dear. [[The Postmodern Urban Condition]] (2001).
* Joy DeGruy [[Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing]] (2005).
* Robert C. Donnelly. [[Dark Rose]] (2011).
*John T. Edge. [[The Potlikker Papers: A Food History of the Modern South]] (2017).
* Steven Erie. [[Globalizing L.A.|Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development]] (2004).
* Steven P. Erie. [[Beyond Chinatown|Beyond Chinatown: The Metropolitan Water District, Growth, and the Environment in Southern California]] (2006).
* Elizabeth Ewen. [[Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars]] (1985).
* Frantz Fanon. [[Black Skin, White Masks]] (2008).
* Dannelly Farrow. [[Dixie's Daughters]] (2003).
* Barbara Ferman. [[Challenging the Growth Machine|Challenging the Growth Machine: Neighborhood Politics in Chicago and Pittsburgh]] (1996).
* Marcie Ferris and Mark Greenberg. [[Jewish Roots in Southern Soil|Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: A New History]] (2006).
* John M. Findlay. [[Magic Lands|Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture After 1940]] (1993).
* Robert Frank. [[The Americans|The Americans: Photographs by Robert Frank Introduction by Jack Kerouac]] (1958).
* Elizabeth Fraterrigo [[Playboy and the Making of the Good Life of Modern America]] (2009)
* Christina Greene. [[Our Separate Ways|Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina]] (2005).
* Steven Gregory. [[Black Corona|Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community]] (1999).
* Jason Hackworth. [[The Neoliberal City|The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism]] (2006).
* William Ivy Hair. [[Carnival of Fury|Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900]] (2008).
* Tona J. Hangen. [[Redeeming the Dial|Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion, and Popular Culture in America]] (2013).
* Robert Hartle, Jr. [[The Highs & Lows of Little Five|The Highs & Lows of Little Five: A History of Little Five Points]] (2010).
* Andrew Hartman. [[A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars]] (2015)
* Chester W. Hartman. [[Yerba Buena|Yerba Buena: land grab and community resistance in San Francisco,]] (1974).
* Georgina Hickey. [[Hope and Danger in the New South City|Hope and Danger in the New South City: Working-Class Women and Urban Development in Atlanta, 1890-1940]] (2005).
* Richard Hofstadter. [[The American Political Tradition|The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made it]] (1989).
* Richard Hofstadter. [[Social Darwinism in American Thought]] (1992).
* Daniel Horowitz. [[Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”|Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”: The American Left, the Cold War, and Modern Feminism]] (2000).
* John A. Jakle and Keith A. Sculle. [[Lots of Parking|Lots of Parking: Land Use in a Car Culture]] (2004).
* Daniel Martinez HoSang. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/erasing-race-whiteness-california-and-the-colorblind-bind/ Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California](2010)
* Benjamin Hufbauer. [[Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory]] (2005).
* Jonathan Hughes (Editor)& Simon Sadler (Editor).[[Non-Plan|Non-Plan: Essays on Freedom, Participation and Change in Modern Architecture and Urbanism]] (2000).
* Daniel Hurewitz. [[Bohemian Los Angeles|Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics]] (2007).
* Marilynn S. Johnson. [[The Second Gold Rush|The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II]] (1994).
* Sharon Foster Jones. [[Atlanta's Ponce de Leon Avenue: A History]] (2012)
* Peniel E Joseph. [[Dark Days, Bright Nights|Dark Day s Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barack Obama]] (2010)
* Tony Judt. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/24/neoliberalisms-license-to-ill/ Ill Fares the Land] (2011).
* Lucy Kaylin. [[For the Love of God | For the Love of God: The Faith and Future of the American Nun]] (2000)
*Kempton, Willet [[Environmental Values in American Culture]] (1999)
* Larry D. Kramer. [[The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review]] (2004).
* Joel Kotkin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/americas-ace-in-the-hole-is-of-course-its-awesomeness/ The Next Hundred Million:America in 2050] (2010)
* Kevin M. Kruse. [[White Flight|White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism]] (2007).
* Matthew D. Lassiter. [[The Silent Majority|The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South]] (2007).
* Tim Lawrence. [[Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-1983|Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-83]] (2016).
*Gary L. Lehring. [[Officially Gay|The Political Construction of Sexuality by the U. S. Military]] (2003).
* William R. Leach. [[Land of Desire|Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture]] (1994).
* Michael F. Logan. [[Fighting Sprawl and City Hall|Fighting Sprawl and City Hall: Resistance to Urban Growth in the Southwest]] (1995).
* Fredrik Logevall. [[Choosing War|Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam]] (1999).
* Roger W. Lotchin. [[Fortress California, 1910-1961|Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare]] (2002).
* Lisa Lowe. [[Immigrant Acts|Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics]] (1996).
* Robert S. Lynd & Helen Merrell Lynd. [[Middletown|Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture]] (1959).
* Catherine Lutz. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Homefront: A Military City and the American 20th Century] (2001).
* Nancy MacLean. [[Freedom Is Not Enough|Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace]] (2008).
* John Markoff. [[What the Dormouse Said|What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry]] (2005).
* Isaac Martin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/stalking-the-tax-man-the-pervasive-influence-of-the-property-tax-revolt/ The Permanent Tax Revolt: How Property Tax Transformed America] (2008).
* Douglas Massey & Nancy Denton. [[American Apartheid|American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass]] (1993).
* Elaine Tyler May. [[America and The Pill|America and The Pill: A History of Promise, Peril, and Liberation]] (2010).
* Carol Lynn McKibben. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy in a Military Town] (2012).
* Lisa McGirr. [[Suburban Warriors|Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right]] (2002).
* James Miller. [[Flowers in the Dustbin|Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947-1977]] (2000).
* Glen M. Mimura. [[Ghostlife of the Third Cinema|Ghostlife of Third Cinema: Asian American Film and Video]] (2009).
* John Hull Mollenkopf. [[The Contested City]] (1983).
* Maggi M. Morehouse. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Man and Women Remember World War II] (2000).
* Edward P. Morgan. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/a-mediating-mess-how-american-post-wwii-media-undermined-democracy/ What Really Happened to the Sixties: How Mass Media Culture Failed American Democracy] (2011)
* Charles Moskos Jr. and John Sibley Butler. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ All That We Can Be: Black Leadership and Racial Integration the Army Way] (1996).
* Andrew H. Myers. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Black, White, and Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and the Civil Rights Movement] (2006).
* Mae Ngai. [[Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America]] (2014).
* Armando Navarro. [[The Cristal Experiment|The Cristal Experiment: A Chicano Struggle for Community Control]] (1998).
* Becky M. Nicolaides. [[My Blue Heaven|My Blue Heaven: Life and Politics in the Working-Class Suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920-1965]] (2002).
* Carol Padden and Tom Humphries. [[Deaf in America|Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture]](1988).
* John Perkins [[Confessions of An Economic Hitman]] (2004).
* Anthony M. Petro. [[After the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion]] (2015).
* Margaret Pugh O’Mara. [[Cities of Knowledge|Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley]] (2004).
* Gilbert Osofsky. [[Harlem|Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto : Negro New York, 1890-1930]] (1996).
* Rick Perlstein. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/essence-precedes-existence-the-problem-of-identity-politics-in-hurewitzs-bohemian-la/ Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America](2009).
* Patrick Phillips. [[Blood at the Root|Blood at the Root: Racial Cleansing in America]] (2016).
* Rebecca Jo Plant. [[Mom|Mom: The Transformation of Motherhood in Modern America]] (2012).
* Brenda Gayle Plummer. [[Window on Freedom|Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1988]] (2003).
* Jerald E. Podair. [[The Strike that Changed New York|The Strike that Changed New York: Blacks, Whites, and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis]] (2002).
* Doris Marie Provine. [[Unequal Under Law|Unequal Under Law: Race in the War on Drugs]] (2007).
* Daniel T. Rodgers. [[Contested Truths|Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence]] (1998).
* David Roediger. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/30/dog-days-classics-the-wages-of-whiteness-and-the-white-people-who-love-them/ The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class] (1991).
* David Roediger. [[Working Toward Whiteness|Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs]] (2005)
* Adam Rome. [[The Bulldozer in the Countryside|The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism]] (2001).
* Richard Ronald. [[The Ideology of Home Ownership|The Ideology of Home Ownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing]] (2008).
* Jake Rosenfeld. [[What Unions No Longer Do]] (2014).
* Peter Henry Rossi & Robert A. Dentler. [[The Politics of Urban Renewal|The Politics of Urban Renewal: The Chicago Findings]] (1981).
* Sheila Rowbotham [[Dreamers of a New Day|Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the Twentieth Century]] (2010).
* Mike Royko. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago] (1971)
* Roger Sanjek. [[The Future of Us All|The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City]] (1998).
* Jennifer Scanlon. [[Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown, the Woman Behind Cosmopolitan Magazine]] (2009).
* Bruce Schulman & Bruce J. Schulman. [[The Seventies|The Seventies: The Great Shift In American Culture, Society, And Politics]] (2002).
* Joel Schwartz. [[The New York Approach|The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City]] (1993).
*Gary S. Selby [[Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in America's Struggle for Civil Rights]] (2008)
* Josh Sides. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/making-san-francisco-josh-sides-erotic-city/ Erotic City: Sexual Revolutions and the Making of Modern San Francisco] (2009).
* Nayan Shah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/intimate-citizenship-the-influence-of-marriage-sexuality-and-transience-on-national-membership/Stranger Intimacy:Contesting Race, Sexuality and Law in the American Northwest] (2012).
* David J. Silbey. [[A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine-American War, 1899-1902]] (2007).
* Rickie Solinger. [[Beggars and Choosers|Beggars and Choosers: How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States]] (2002).
* Allan H. Spear. [[Black Chicago|Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920]] (1969)
* Dawn Spring. [[Advertising in the Age of Persuasion|Advertising in the Age of Persuasion: Building Brand America, 1941-1961]] (2011)
* Ann Laura Stoler. [[Haunted by Empire|Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History]] (2006).
* Todd Swanstrom. [[The Crisis of Growth Politics|The Crisis of Growth Politics: Cleveland, Kucinich, and the Challenge of Urban Populism]] (1988).
* Ronald Takaki. [[Hiroshima|Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb]] (1996).
* Penny M. Von Eschen. [[Satchmo Blows Up The World|Satchmo Blows Up The World: Jazz Ambassadors Play The Cold War]] (2004).
* Robert Wiebe. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/dog-day-classics-robert-h-wiebe-and-the-search-for-order/ The Search for Order, 1877 - 1920] (1967).
* Andrew Wiese. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/getting-to-the-mountaintop-the-suburban-dreams-of-african-americans/ Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century] (2004)
* Rhonda Y. Williams. [[The Politics of Public Housing|The Politics of Public Housing: Black Women’s Struggles Against Urban Inequality]] (2004).
* William Appleman Williams. [[The Tragedy of American Diplomacy]] (2009).
* Gwendolyn Wright. [[Building the Dream|Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America]] (1983).
*Yellin, Emily [[Our Mothers' War]] (2004).
*Young B. Marilyn. [[The Vietnam Wars|The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990]] (1991).
*Zimmerman, Andrew. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/the-ties-that-bind-the-transnational-trick-of-immobilizing-the-mobile/ Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South] (2010).
*Washington Harriet. [[Medical Apartheid|Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present]] (2006)
*Aviva Chomsky. [[Linked Labor Histories| Linked Labor Histories : New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class]] (2008 .

Confessions of And Economic Hitman

2019-03-14T20:50:07Z

John Perkins’ Confessions of an Economic Hitman details Perkins’ life and career with the Boston-based engineering firm Chas. T Main (Charles T Main), and how the Central Intelligence Agency has infiltrated many of these global engineering and finance firms. As a result, there is a shadow finance organization in place, working in concert with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, behind the scenes to topple regimes and extend American empire through economic warfare.

Recruited by the NSA in 1968, while still in business school, Perkins was identified as a good candidate for an economic hitman. During a three-year stint in Brazil with the Peace Corps, Perkins was contacted by the vice president of a Chas. T Main, a major consulting firm, who offered Perkins a job with the implied understanding that he would be working as a member of the NSA as an economic hitman.

Chas. T Main was an engineering-slash-construction firm on paper, but their job was to convince developing states to take out massive construction loans from the World Bank for infrastructure projects, which they would facilitate by convincing the World Bank to make the loan. That money, often billions of dollars, would then make its way back to the US in the form of contracts with major US construction companies to build the projects. The purpose behind this is to place the developing country in a situation where they are unable to pay their debt. When a state is unable to pay their debts, quite often they have little recourse but to sell off their resources and assets at fire-sale prices, and US corporate interests are more than happy to step in with the required capital. These resources may be oil, like in Ecuador; or physical property, such as the Panama Canal. In this way, US interests are able to effectively destroy a nation, without firing a shot.

According to Perkins, if the economic hitmen fail then the CIA sends in the ‘jackals’—whom he describes as “CIA sanctioned trouble-makers”—operatives tasked with generating disturbances, civil unrest, and coups if necessary. If indirect intervention by the jackals proved ineffective, then the jackals would arrange for an assassination of the contentious leader. Successful operations include the assassinations of Omar Torrijos of Panama and Jaime Roldos Aguilera of Ecuador, the military coups that ousted Jacobo Arbanz of Guatemala and Salvador Allende in Chile, just to name a few. According to Perkins, the invasion of Iraq is due—in large part—to the fact that both the economic hitmen and the jackals were unsuccessful in their efforts to get their hands on Saddam Hussein’s oil. When the hitmen and jackals fail, the US sends in the military under one pretense or another.

One of the most troubling aspects of Perkins’ account is when he discusses how the CIA decided that Islam, and not communism, was the real threat to capitalism because communism did not have a spiritual component. Islam, in contrast, is a belief system built on a sturdy framework of social justice and equality, which are two ideals that capitalism likes to pander to, despite the fact that Keynesian neoliberal trade and global economic policies do not allow room for justice or equality, at least not on a global scale. The global economic policies on the post-WWII years have created a world-wide system of inequality, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) playing the role of enforcer. When a state can no longer pay its debts, the IMF will provide conditional loans for the state to pay its debts. The problem is that the conditions attached have far-reaching and long-lasting ramifications, from structural re-adjustment, to elimination of all trade barriers and the creation of so-called “free trade zones”, duty free areas where foreign corporations can set up assembly/manufacturing facilities—quite often with heavy tax breaks from the host government—where they can import unfinished materials, assemble their product using cheap, exploitable local labor, and then turn around and export finished products without having to pay any duty fees. There is no shortage of tales of worker abuse in various free trade zones around the world. Ultimately, these global economic policies benefit the most powerful Western nations, while seriously undermining developing nations around the globe.

Perkins details the methods through which the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is able to identify and train these types of unique covert operatives by acknowledging the fact that money, power, and sex are highly effective tools for corrupting weak-willed individuals. John Perkins was no exception, and he freely admits his shortcomings and weaknesses. He is quite candid about his past, and he makes no attempt to re-write his history in a more positive light, but it is his criticisms of the very system that he was recruited to serve that make for such an important topic.

Twentieth Century United States

2019-03-14T20:48:59Z

Hurrikaneandy: /* Book Summaries */

==Book Summaries==
* Donna Alvah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/women-and-children-first-the-importance-of-gender-and-military-families-in-the-cold-war-era/ Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946-1965] (2007).
* Luis Alvarez. [[The Power of the Zoot|The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II]] (2008).
* Karen Anderson. [[Wartime Women|Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II]] (1981).
* Michael Aronson. [[Nickelodeon City|Nickelodeon City: Pittsburgh at the Movies, 1905-1929]] (2008).
* Eric Avila. [[Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight|Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight: Fear and Fantasy in Suburban Los Angeles]] (2004).
* Beth Bailey. [[America’s Army|America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force]] (2009).
* Beth Bailey & David Farber. [[The First Strange Place|The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii]] (1992).
* Beth Bailey. [[From Front Porch to Back Seat|From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America]] (1989).
* Francis X. Blouin, and William G. Rosenberg. [[Processing the Past|Processing the Past : Contesting Authority in History and the Archives]](2011)
*Charles Blow. [[Fire Shut Up In My Bones]] (2014).
* Shawn Chandler Bingham. [[The Bohemian South|The Bohemian South: Creating Countercultures, from Poe to Punk]] (2017).
* Mark Brilliant. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/californication-race-ethnicity-and-unity-in-twentieth-century-california/ Californication: Race, Ethnicity, and Unity in Twentieth Century California] (2012).
* Amy Bridges. [[Morning Glories]] (1999).
* Laura Briggs. [[Reproducing Empire|Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico]] (2002).
* Alan Brinkley. [[Voices of Protest|Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression]] (1983).
* Charlotte Brooks. [[Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends|Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends: Asian Americans, Housing, and the Transformation of Urban California]] (2009).
* William Fitzhugh Brundage. [[The Southern Past|The Southern Past: a Clash of Race and Memory]] (2005).
* Catherine Fisher Collins. [[The Imprisonment of African American Women| The Imprisonment of African American Women: Causes, Conditions, and Future Implications]] (1997).
* John Perkins [[Confessions of And Economic Hitman]] (2004)
* Robert Caro. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/12/dog-days-classics-robert-caros-controversial-portrait-of-robert-moses-and-new-york/ The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York](1974)
* Ta-Nehisi Coates. [[We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy]] (2017).
* Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for the Nation and Chicago] (2001)
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[A Consumers’ Republic|A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America]] (2003).
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[Making a New Deal|Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939]] (2008).
* Stephanie Coontz. [[The Way We Never Were|The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap]] (1992).
* Nancy F. Cott. [[Public Vows|Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation]] (2002).
* Alfred W. Crosby. [[America's Forgotten Pandemic|America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918]] (2003).
* Pete Daniel, [[Lost Revolutions|Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s]] (2000)
* Mike Davis. [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]] (2006).
* Mike Davis & Michael Sprinker. [[Magical Urbanism|Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US Big City]] (2001).
* Michael J. Dear. [[The Postmodern Urban Condition]] (2001).
* Joy DeGruy [[Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing]] (2005).
* Robert C. Donnelly. [[Dark Rose]] (2011).
*John T. Edge. [[The Potlikker Papers: A Food History of the Modern South]] (2017).
* Steven Erie. [[Globalizing L.A.|Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development]] (2004).
* Steven P. Erie. [[Beyond Chinatown|Beyond Chinatown: The Metropolitan Water District, Growth, and the Environment in Southern California]] (2006).
* Elizabeth Ewen. [[Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars]] (1985).
* Frantz Fanon. [[Black Skin, White Masks]] (2008).
* Dannelly Farrow. [[Dixie's Daughters]] (2003).
* Barbara Ferman. [[Challenging the Growth Machine|Challenging the Growth Machine: Neighborhood Politics in Chicago and Pittsburgh]] (1996).
* Marcie Ferris and Mark Greenberg. [[Jewish Roots in Southern Soil|Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: A New History]] (2006).
* John M. Findlay. [[Magic Lands|Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture After 1940]] (1993).
* Robert Frank. [[The Americans|The Americans: Photographs by Robert Frank Introduction by Jack Kerouac]] (1958).
* Elizabeth Fraterrigo [[Playboy and the Making of the Good Life of Modern America]] (2009)
* Christina Greene. [[Our Separate Ways|Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina]] (2005).
* Steven Gregory. [[Black Corona|Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community]] (1999).
* Jason Hackworth. [[The Neoliberal City|The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism]] (2006).
* William Ivy Hair. [[Carnival of Fury|Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900]] (2008).
* Tona J. Hangen. [[Redeeming the Dial|Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion, and Popular Culture in America]] (2013).
* Robert Hartle, Jr. [[The Highs & Lows of Little Five|The Highs & Lows of Little Five: A History of Little Five Points]] (2010).
* Andrew Hartman. [[A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars]] (2015)
* Chester W. Hartman. [[Yerba Buena|Yerba Buena: land grab and community resistance in San Francisco,]] (1974).
* Georgina Hickey. [[Hope and Danger in the New South City|Hope and Danger in the New South City: Working-Class Women and Urban Development in Atlanta, 1890-1940]] (2005).
* Richard Hofstadter. [[The American Political Tradition|The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made it]] (1989).
* Richard Hofstadter. [[Social Darwinism in American Thought]] (1992).
* Daniel Horowitz. [[Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”|Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”: The American Left, the Cold War, and Modern Feminism]] (2000).
* John A. Jakle and Keith A. Sculle. [[Lots of Parking|Lots of Parking: Land Use in a Car Culture]] (2004).
* Daniel Martinez HoSang. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/erasing-race-whiteness-california-and-the-colorblind-bind/ Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California](2010)
* Benjamin Hufbauer. [[Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory]] (2005).
* Jonathan Hughes (Editor)& Simon Sadler (Editor).[[Non-Plan|Non-Plan: Essays on Freedom, Participation and Change in Modern Architecture and Urbanism]] (2000).
* Daniel Hurewitz. [[Bohemian Los Angeles|Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics]] (2007).
* Marilynn S. Johnson. [[The Second Gold Rush|The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II]] (1994).
* Sharon Foster Jones. [[Atlanta's Ponce de Leon Avenue: A History]] (2012)
* Peniel E Joseph. [[Dark Days, Bright Nights|Dark Day s Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barack Obama]] (2010)
* Tony Judt. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/24/neoliberalisms-license-to-ill/ Ill Fares the Land] (2011).
* Lucy Kaylin. [[For the Love of God | For the Love of God: The Faith and Future of the American Nun]] (2000)
*Kempton, Willet [[Environmental Values in American Culture]] (1999)
* Larry D. Kramer. [[The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review]] (2004).
* Joel Kotkin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/americas-ace-in-the-hole-is-of-course-its-awesomeness/ The Next Hundred Million:America in 2050] (2010)
* Kevin M. Kruse. [[White Flight|White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism]] (2007).
* Matthew D. Lassiter. [[The Silent Majority|The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South]] (2007).
* Tim Lawrence. [[Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-1983|Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-83]] (2016).
*Gary L. Lehring. [[Officially Gay|The Political Construction of Sexuality by the U. S. Military]] (2003).
* William R. Leach. [[Land of Desire|Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture]] (1994).
* Michael F. Logan. [[Fighting Sprawl and City Hall|Fighting Sprawl and City Hall: Resistance to Urban Growth in the Southwest]] (1995).
* Fredrik Logevall. [[Choosing War|Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam]] (1999).
* Roger W. Lotchin. [[Fortress California, 1910-1961|Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare]] (2002).
* Lisa Lowe. [[Immigrant Acts|Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics]] (1996).
* Robert S. Lynd & Helen Merrell Lynd. [[Middletown|Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture]] (1959).
* Catherine Lutz. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Homefront: A Military City and the American 20th Century] (2001).
* Nancy MacLean. [[Freedom Is Not Enough|Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace]] (2008).
* John Markoff. [[What the Dormouse Said|What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry]] (2005).
* Isaac Martin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/stalking-the-tax-man-the-pervasive-influence-of-the-property-tax-revolt/ The Permanent Tax Revolt: How Property Tax Transformed America] (2008).
* Douglas Massey & Nancy Denton. [[American Apartheid|American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass]] (1993).
* Elaine Tyler May. [[America and The Pill|America and The Pill: A History of Promise, Peril, and Liberation]] (2010).
* Carol Lynn McKibben. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy in a Military Town] (2012).
* Lisa McGirr. [[Suburban Warriors|Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right]] (2002).
* James Miller. [[Flowers in the Dustbin|Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947-1977]] (2000).
* Glen M. Mimura. [[Ghostlife of the Third Cinema|Ghostlife of Third Cinema: Asian American Film and Video]] (2009).
* John Hull Mollenkopf. [[The Contested City]] (1983).
* Maggi M. Morehouse. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Man and Women Remember World War II] (2000).
* Edward P. Morgan. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/a-mediating-mess-how-american-post-wwii-media-undermined-democracy/ What Really Happened to the Sixties: How Mass Media Culture Failed American Democracy] (2011)
* Charles Moskos Jr. and John Sibley Butler. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ All That We Can Be: Black Leadership and Racial Integration the Army Way] (1996).
* Andrew H. Myers. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Black, White, and Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and the Civil Rights Movement] (2006).
* Mae Ngai. [[Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America]] (2014).
* Armando Navarro. [[The Cristal Experiment|The Cristal Experiment: A Chicano Struggle for Community Control]] (1998).
* Becky M. Nicolaides. [[My Blue Heaven|My Blue Heaven: Life and Politics in the Working-Class Suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920-1965]] (2002).
* Carol Padden and Tom Humphries. [[Deaf in America|Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture]](1988).
* Anthony M. Petro. [[After the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion]] (2015).
* Margaret Pugh O’Mara. [[Cities of Knowledge|Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley]] (2004).
* Gilbert Osofsky. [[Harlem|Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto : Negro New York, 1890-1930]] (1996).
* Rick Perlstein. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/essence-precedes-existence-the-problem-of-identity-politics-in-hurewitzs-bohemian-la/ Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America](2009).
* Patrick Phillips. [[Blood at the Root|Blood at the Root: Racial Cleansing in America]] (2016).
* Rebecca Jo Plant. [[Mom|Mom: The Transformation of Motherhood in Modern America]] (2012).
* Brenda Gayle Plummer. [[Window on Freedom|Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1988]] (2003).
* Jerald E. Podair. [[The Strike that Changed New York|The Strike that Changed New York: Blacks, Whites, and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis]] (2002).
* Doris Marie Provine. [[Unequal Under Law|Unequal Under Law: Race in the War on Drugs]] (2007).
* Daniel T. Rodgers. [[Contested Truths|Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence]] (1998).
* David Roediger. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/30/dog-days-classics-the-wages-of-whiteness-and-the-white-people-who-love-them/ The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class] (1991).
* David Roediger. [[Working Toward Whiteness|Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs]] (2005)
* Adam Rome. [[The Bulldozer in the Countryside|The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism]] (2001).
* Richard Ronald. [[The Ideology of Home Ownership|The Ideology of Home Ownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing]] (2008).
* Jake Rosenfeld. [[What Unions No Longer Do]] (2014).
* Peter Henry Rossi & Robert A. Dentler. [[The Politics of Urban Renewal|The Politics of Urban Renewal: The Chicago Findings]] (1981).
* Sheila Rowbotham [[Dreamers of a New Day|Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the Twentieth Century]] (2010).
* Mike Royko. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago] (1971)
* Roger Sanjek. [[The Future of Us All|The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City]] (1998).
* Jennifer Scanlon. [[Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown, the Woman Behind Cosmopolitan Magazine]] (2009).
* Bruce Schulman & Bruce J. Schulman. [[The Seventies|The Seventies: The Great Shift In American Culture, Society, And Politics]] (2002).
* Joel Schwartz. [[The New York Approach|The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City]] (1993).
*Gary S. Selby [[Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in America's Struggle for Civil Rights]] (2008)
* Josh Sides. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/making-san-francisco-josh-sides-erotic-city/ Erotic City: Sexual Revolutions and the Making of Modern San Francisco] (2009).
* Nayan Shah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/intimate-citizenship-the-influence-of-marriage-sexuality-and-transience-on-national-membership/Stranger Intimacy:Contesting Race, Sexuality and Law in the American Northwest] (2012).
* David J. Silbey. [[A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine-American War, 1899-1902]] (2007).
* Rickie Solinger. [[Beggars and Choosers|Beggars and Choosers: How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States]] (2002).
* Allan H. Spear. [[Black Chicago|Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920]] (1969)
* Dawn Spring. [[Advertising in the Age of Persuasion|Advertising in the Age of Persuasion: Building Brand America, 1941-1961]] (2011)
* Ann Laura Stoler. [[Haunted by Empire|Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History]] (2006).
* Todd Swanstrom. [[The Crisis of Growth Politics|The Crisis of Growth Politics: Cleveland, Kucinich, and the Challenge of Urban Populism]] (1988).
* Ronald Takaki. [[Hiroshima|Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb]] (1996).
* Penny M. Von Eschen. [[Satchmo Blows Up The World|Satchmo Blows Up The World: Jazz Ambassadors Play The Cold War]] (2004).
* Robert Wiebe. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/dog-day-classics-robert-h-wiebe-and-the-search-for-order/ The Search for Order, 1877 - 1920] (1967).
* Andrew Wiese. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/getting-to-the-mountaintop-the-suburban-dreams-of-african-americans/ Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century] (2004)
* Rhonda Y. Williams. [[The Politics of Public Housing|The Politics of Public Housing: Black Women’s Struggles Against Urban Inequality]] (2004).
* William Appleman Williams. [[The Tragedy of American Diplomacy]] (2009).
* Gwendolyn Wright. [[Building the Dream|Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America]] (1983).
*Yellin, Emily [[Our Mothers' War]] (2004).
*Young B. Marilyn. [[The Vietnam Wars|The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990]] (1991).
*Zimmerman, Andrew. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/the-ties-that-bind-the-transnational-trick-of-immobilizing-the-mobile/ Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South] (2010).
*Washington Harriet. [[Medical Apartheid|Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present]] (2006)
*Aviva Chomsky. [[Linked Labor Histories| Linked Labor Histories : New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class]] (2008 .