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Linked Labor Histories

2018-11-09T15:28:01Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[File:Aviva Chomksy's dad is Noam Chomsky.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]
}}

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia;operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the "invisible hand" concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study of the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) Front line members of the AFL-CIO's locals found their specific interests and work related demands regarded as secondary to the big picture, collaborative requirements of the union leadership. This Leadership regarded strong US companies as bulwarks of democracy and needed in the Cold War struggles against the USSR and Communism worldwide. This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively to the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees and using replacement workers during strikes, which were common and often violent, with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

Over time, Draper built plants in South Carolina and Georgia, moving most manufacturing and related jobs out of New England. By the late 1960s, Draper was absorbed by Rockwell Standard Company, the predecessor to today’s defense contractor Rockwell Automation (43). Naumkeag eventually faded away after being sold off to a division spun off from Textron Corporation, a multinational which had scooped up numerous textile firms but had since oriented its activities to defense contracting. (104-106). The fading away of Draper and Naumkeag and others similar, and their absorption of these into defense contractors, was a confirmation of a trend described by Chomsky. Also, their demise reflects the actions of American unions, believing in protecting American companies as part of their patriotic duty. If selling a textile firm or changing its character to fit a national defense or allied country causes was deemed desirable to a US based multi-national, the AFL-CIO leadership was driven by their commitment to "Americanism" as described earlier. The interests of the front line members were often ignored in order to facilitate the needs of the US multi-national. This labor-management collaboration, coupled with the migration of both people and plants and the ongoing global economic restructuring of businesses, confirms the trend identified by Chomsky. Left in the lurch were the workers, in both New England and Colombia.

Chomsky continues the case study approach with laborers in Colombia, highlighting the Uraba zone in the northern part of the country where bananas were produced and where the United Fruit Company’s Banadex division was present. (193) Banadex used violent means to suppress organizing or striking, employing the services of para-military forces unofficially linked to the Colombian government and backed by US arms sales. (194-196) Countering the para-military were guerilla fighters of FARC, adding to the chaos in Uraba and supporting the banana field laborers. (195, 206) Only on the sporadic occasions when peace was reached did a semblance of security for the workers exist; only through collaboration with management by surrendering to the threat from UFCO of taking production elsewhere did labor survive. Whenever possible, the working class sought emigration opportunities.

Chomsky concludes by seeking to erase inequity among the global working class on local, national and international levels. While not prescribing specific solutions, Chomsky spells out with fervor the need to prevent the powerful companies and governments which drive globalization from profiting from this condition. (302-303) The first step in this direction is to understand what has occurred, and this book offers an excellent starting point in this endeavor.

Linked Labor Histories

2018-10-22T18:12:09Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[File:The Power of the Zoot.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]
}}

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia; operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the ‘invisible hand’ concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively to the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European/American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees, using replacement workers during strikes, which were common and often violent, with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

Over time, Draper built plants in South Carolina and Georgia, moving most manufacturing and related jobs out of New England. By the late 1960s, Draper was absorbed by Rockwell Standard Company, the predecessor to today’s defense contractor Rockwell Automation (43). Naumkeag eventually faded away after being sold off to a division spun off from Textron Corporation, a multinational which had scooped up numerous textile firms but had since oriented its activities to defense contracting. (104-106). The fading away of Draper and Naumkeag and others similar, and their absorption of these into defense contractors, was a confirmation of a trend described by Chomsky. Also, their demise reflects the actions of American unions, believing in protecting American companies as part of their patriotic duty. This labor-management collaboration, coupled with the migration of both people and plants and the ongoing global economic restructuring of businesses, confirms the trend identified by Chomsky. Left in the lurch were the workers, in both New England and Colombia.

Chomsky continues the case study approach with laborers in Colombia, highlighting the Uraba zone in the northern part of the country where bananas were produced and where the United Fruit Company’s Banadex division was present. (193) violent means to suppress organizing or striking, Banadex employed the services of para-military forces unofficially linked to the Colombian government and backed by US arms sales. (194-196) Countering the para-military were guerilla fighters of FARC, adding to the chaos in Uraba and supporting the banana field laborers. (195, 206) Only on the sporadic occasions when peace was reached did a semblance of security for the workers exist; only through collaboration with management by surrendering to the threat from UFCO of taking production elsewhere did labor survive. Whenever possible, the working class sought emigration opportunities.

Chomsky concludes by seeking to erase inequity among the global working class on local, national and international levels. While not prescribing specific solutions, Chomsky spells out with fervor the need to prevent the powerful companies, unions and governments which drive globalization from profiting from this condition. (302-303) The first step in this direction is to understand what has occurred, and this book offers an excellent starting point in this endeavor.

Linked Labor Histories

2018-10-22T18:03:39Z

JRK History MA: Created page with "{{Infobox book | name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class | author = Aviva Chomsky | publisher = D..."

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T17:54:28Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, And The Making Of A Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[--978-0-8223-4190-1_pr.jpg--
]]
}}

Test Still Updating for 10/22 submittal

Linked Labor Histories

Book Summary

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia; operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the ‘invisible hand’ concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively to the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European/American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees, using replacement workers during strikes, which were common and often violent, with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

Over time, Draper built plants in South Carolina and Georgia, moving most manufacturing and related jobs out of New England. By the late 1960s, Draper was absorbed by Rockwell Standard Company, the predecessor to today’s defense contractor Rockwell Automation (43). Naumkeag eventually faded away after being sold off to a division spun off from Textron Corporation, a multinational which had scooped up numerous textile firms but had since oriented its activities to defense contracting. (104-106). The fading away of Draper and Naumkeag and others similar, and their absorption of these into defense contractors, was a confirmation of a trend described by Chomsky. Also, their demise reflects the actions of American unions, believing in protecting American companies as part of their patriotic duty. This labor-management collaboration, coupled with the migration of both people and plants and the ongoing global economic restructuring of businesses, confirms the trend identified by Chomsky. Left in the lurch were the workers, in both New England and Colombia.

Chomsky continues the case study approach with laborers in Colombia, highlighting the Uraba zone in the northern part of the country where bananas were produced and where the United Fruit Company’s Banadex division was present. (193) violent means to suppress organizing or striking, Banadex employed the services of para-military forces unofficially linked to the Colombian government and backed by US arms sales. (194-196) Countering the para-military were guerilla fighters of FARC, adding to the chaos in Uraba and supporting the banana field laborers. (195, 206) Only on the sporadic occasions when peace was reached did a semblance of security for the workers exist; only through collaboration with management by surrendering to the threat from UFCO of taking production elsewhere did labor survive. Whenever possible, the working class sought emigration opportunities.

Chomsky concludes by seeking to erase inequity among the global working class on local, national and international levels. While not prescribing specific solutions, Chomsky spells out with fervor the need to prevent the powerful companies, unions and governments which drive globalization from profiting from this condition. (302-303) The first step in this direction is to understand what has occurred, and this book offers an excellent starting point in this endeavor.

Twentieth Century United States

2018-10-22T17:00:38Z

JRK History MA: /* Book Summaries */

==Book Summaries==
* Donna Alvah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/women-and-children-first-the-importance-of-gender-and-military-families-in-the-cold-war-era/ Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946-1965] (2007).
* Luis Alvarez. [[The Power of the Zoot|The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II]] (2008).
* Karen Anderson. [[Wartime Women|Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II]] (1981).
* Michael Aronson. [[Nickelodeon City|Nickelodeon City: Pittsburgh at the Movies, 1905-1929]] (2008).
* Eric Avila. [[Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight|Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight: Fear and Fantasy in Suburban Los Angeles]] (2004).
* Beth Bailey. [[America’s Army|America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force]] (2009).
* Beth Bailey & David Farber. [[The First Strange Place|The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii]] (1992).
* Beth Bailey. [[From Front Porch to Back Seat|From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America]] (1989).
* Mark Brilliant. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/californication-race-ethnicity-and-unity-in-twentieth-century-california/ Californication: Race, Ethnicity, and Unity in Twentieth Century California] (2012).
* Amy Bridges. [[Morning Glories]] (1999).
* Laura Briggs. [[Reproducing Empire|Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico]] (2002).
* Alan Brinkley. [[Voices of Protest|Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression]] (1983).
* Charlotte Brooks. [[Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends|Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends: Asian Americans, Housing, and the Transformation of Urban California]] (2009).
* William Fitzhugh Brundage. [[The Southern Past|The Southern Past: a Clash of Race and Memory]] (2005).
* Catherine Fisher Collins. [[The Imprisonment of African American Women| The Imprisonment of African American Women: Causes, Conditions, and Future Implications]] (1997).
* Robert Caro. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/12/dog-days-classics-robert-caros-controversial-portrait-of-robert-moses-and-new-york/ The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York](1974)
* Ta-Nehisi Coates. [[We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy]] (2017).
* Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for the Nation and Chicago] (2001)
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[A Consumers’ Republic|A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America]] (2003).
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[Making a New Deal|Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939]] (2008).
* Stephanie Coontz. [[The Way We Never Were|The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap]] (1992).
* Nancy F. Cott. [[Public Vows|Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation]] (2002).
* Alfred W. Crosby. [[America's Forgotten Pandemic|America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918]] (2003).
* Pete Daniel, [[Lost Revolutions|Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s]] (2000)
* Mike Davis. [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]] (2006).
* Mike Davis & Michael Sprinker. [[Magical Urbanism|Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US Big City]] (2001).
* Michael J. Dear. [[The Postmodern Urban Condition]] (2001).
* Robert C. Donnelly. [[Dark Rose]] (2011).
* Steven Erie. [[Globalizing L.A.|Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development]] (2004).
* Steven P. Erie. [[Beyond Chinatown|Beyond Chinatown: The Metropolitan Water District, Growth, and the Environment in Southern California]] (2006).
* Elizabeth Ewen. [[Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars]] (1985).
* Dannelly Farrow. [[Dixie's Daughters]] (2003).
* Barbara Ferman. [[Challenging the Growth Machine|Challenging the Growth Machine: Neighborhood Politics in Chicago and Pittsburgh]] (1996).
* Marcie Ferris and Mark Greenberg. [[Jewish Roots in Southern Soil|Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: A New History]] (2006).
* John M. Findlay. [[Magic Lands|Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture After 1940]] (1993).
* Christina Greene. [[Our Separate Ways|Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina]] (2005).
* Steven Gregory. [[Black Corona|Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community]] (1999).
* Jason Hackworth. [[The Neoliberal City|The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism]] (2006).
* William Ivy Hair. [[Carnival of Fury|Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900]] (2008).
* Tona J. Hangen. [[Redeeming the Dial|Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion, and Popular Culture in America]] (2013).
* Andrew Hartman. [[A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars]] (2015)
* Chester W. Hartman. [[Yerba Buena|Yerba Buena: land grab and community resistance in San Francisco,]] (1974).
* Georgina Hickey. [[Hope and Danger in the New South City|Hope and Danger in the New South City: Working-Class Women and Urban Development in Atlanta, 1890-1940]] (2005).
* Richard Hofstadter. [[The American Political Tradition|The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made it]] (1989).
* Daniel Horowitz. [[Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”|Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”: The American Left, the Cold War, and Modern Feminism]] (2000).
* John A. Jakle and Keith A. Sculle. [[Lots of Parking|Lots of Parking: Land Use in a Car Culture]] (2004).
* Daniel Martinez HoSang. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/erasing-race-whiteness-california-and-the-colorblind-bind/ Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California](2010)
* Benjamin Hufbauer. [[Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory]] (2005).
* Jonathan Hughes (Editor)& Simon Sadler (Editor).[[Non-Plan|Non-Plan: Essays on Freedom, Participation and Change in Modern Architecture and Urbanism]] (2000).
* Daniel Hurewitz. [[Bohemian Los Angeles|Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics]] (2007).
* Marilynn S. Johnson. [[The Second Gold Rush|The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II]] (1994).
* Sharon Foster Jones. [[Atlanta's Ponce de Leon Avenue: A History]] (2012)
* Tony Judt. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/24/neoliberalisms-license-to-ill/ Ill Fares the Land] (2011).
* Lucy Kaylin. [[For the Love of God | For the Love of God: The Faith and Future of the American Nun]] (2000)
*Kempton, Willet [[Environmental Values in American Culture]] (1999)
* Larry D. Kramer. [[The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review]] (2004).
* Joel Kotkin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/americas-ace-in-the-hole-is-of-course-its-awesomeness/ The Next Hundred Million:America in 2050] (2010)
* Kevin M. Kruse. [[White Flight|White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism]] (2007).
* Matthew D. Lassiter. [[The Silent Majority|The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South]] (2007).
* Tim Lawrence. [[Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-1983|Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-83]] (2016).
*Gary L. Lehring. [[Officially Gay|The Political Construction of Sexuality by the U. S. Military]] (2003).
* William R. Leach. [[Land of Desire|Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture]] (1994).
* Michael F. Logan. [[Fighting Sprawl and City Hall|Fighting Sprawl and City Hall: Resistance to Urban Growth in the Southwest]] (1995).
* Fredrik Logevall. [[Choosing War|Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam]] (1999).
* Roger W. Lotchin. [[Fortress California, 1910-1961|Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare]] (2002).
* Lisa Lowe. [[Immigrant Acts|Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics]] (1996).
* Robert S. Lynd & Helen Merrell Lynd. [[Middletown|Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture]] (1959).
* Catherine Lutz. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Homefront: A Military City and the American 20th Century] (2001).
* Nancy MacLean. [[Freedom Is Not Enough|Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace]] (2008).
* John Markoff. [[What the Dormouse Said|What the Dorm Mouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Indsutry]] (2005).
* Isaac Martin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/stalking-the-tax-man-the-pervasive-influence-of-the-property-tax-revolt/ The Permanent Tax Revolt: How Property Tax Transformed America] (2008).
* Douglas Massey & Nancy Denton. [[American Apartheid|American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass]] (1993).
* Elaine Tyler May. [[America and The Pill|America and The Pill: A History of Promise, Peril, and Liberation]] (2010).
* Carol Lynn McKibben. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy in a Military Town] (2012).
* Lisa McGirr. [[Suburban Warriors|Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right]] (2002).
* James Miller. [[Flowers in the Dustbin|Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947-1977]] (2000).
* Glen M. Mimura. [[Ghostlife of the Third Cinema|Ghostlife of Third Cinema: Asian American Film and Video]] (2009).
* John Hull Mollenkopf. [[The Contested City]] (1983).
* Maggi M. Morehouse. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Man and Women Remember World War II] (2000).
* Edward P. Morgan. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/a-mediating-mess-how-american-post-wwii-media-undermined-democracy/ What Really Happened to the Sixties: How Mass Media Culture Failed American Democracy] (2011)
* Charles Moskos Jr. and John Sibley Butler. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ All That We Can Be: Black Leadership and Racial Integration the Army Way] (1996).
* Andrew H. Myers. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Black, White, and Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and the Civil Rights Movement] (2006).
* Mae Ngai. [[Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America]] (2014).
* Armando Navarro. [[The Cristal Experiment|The Cristal Experiment: A Chicano Struggle for Community Control]] (1998).
* Becky M. Nicolaides. [[My Blue Heaven|My Blue Heaven: Life and Politics in the Working-Class Suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920-1965]] (2002).
* Carol Padden and Tom Humphries. [[Deaf in America|Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture]](1988).
* Anthony M. Petro. [[After the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion]] (2015).
* Margaret Pugh O’Mara. [[Cities of Knowledge|Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley]] (2004).
* Gilbert Osofsky. [[Harlem|Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto : Negro New York, 1890-1930]] (1996).
* Rick Perlstein. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/essence-precedes-existence-the-problem-of-identity-politics-in-hurewitzs-bohemian-la/ Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America](2009).
* Patrick Phillips. [[Blood at the Root|Blood at the Root: Racial Cleansing in America]] (2016).
* Rebecca Jo Plant. [[Mom|Mom: The Transformation of Motherhood in Modern America]] (2012).
* Brenda Gayle Plummer. [[Window on Freedom|Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1988]] (2003).
* Jerald E. Podair. [[The Strike that Changed New York|The Strike that Changed New York: Blacks, Whites, and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis]] (2002).
* Doris Marie Provine. [[Unequal Under Law|Unequal Under Law: Race in the War on Drugs]] (2007).
* Daniel T. Rodgers. [[Contested Truths|Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence]] (1998).
* David Roediger. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/30/dog-days-classics-the-wages-of-whiteness-and-the-white-people-who-love-them/ The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class] (1991).
* David Roediger. [[Working Toward Whiteness|Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs]] (2005)
* Adam Rome. [[The Bulldozer in the Countryside|The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism]] (2001).
* Richard Ronald. [[The Ideology of Home Ownership|The Ideology of Home Ownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing]] (2008).
* Jake Rosenfeld. [[What Unions No Longer Do]] (2014).
* Peter Henry Rossi & Robert A. Dentler. [[The Politics of Urban Renewal|The Politics of Urban Renewal: The Chicago Findings]] (1981).
* Sheila Rowbotham [[Dreamers of a New Day|Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the Twentieth Century]] (2010).
* Mike Royko. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago] (1971)
* Roger Sanjek. [[The Future of Us All|The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City]] (1998).
* Jennifer Scanlon. [[Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown, the Woman Behind Cosmopolitan Magazine]] (2009).
* Bruce Schulman & Bruce J. Schulman. [[The Seventies|The Seventies: The Great Shift In American Culture, Society, And Politics]] (2002).
* Joel Schwartz. [[The New York Approach|The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City]] (1993).
*Gary S. Selby [[Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in America's Struggle for Civil Rights]] (2008)
* Josh Sides. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/making-san-francisco-josh-sides-erotic-city/ Erotic City: Sexual Revolutions and the Making of Modern San Francisco] (2009).
* Nayan Shah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/intimate-citizenship-the-influence-of-marriage-sexuality-and-transience-on-national-membership/Stranger Intimacy:Contesting Race, Sexuality and Law in the American Northwest] (2012).
* David J. Silbey. [[A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine-American War, 1899-1902]] (2007).
* Rickie Solinger. [[Beggars and Choosers|Beggars and Choosers: How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States]] (2002).
* Allan H. Spear. [[Black Chicago|Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920]] (1969)
* Dawn Spring. [[Advertising in the Age of Persuasion|Advertising in the Age of Persuasion: Building Brand America, 1941-1961]] (2011)
* Ann Laura Stoler. [[Haunted by Empire|Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History]] (2006).
* Todd Swanstrom. [[The Crisis of Growth Politics|The Crisis of Growth Politics: Cleveland, Kucinich, and the Challenge of Urban Populism]] (1988).
* Ronald Takaki. [[Hiroshima|Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb]] (1996).
* Penny M. Von Eschen. [[Satchmo Blows Up The World|Satchmo Blows Up The World: Jazz Ambassadors Play The Cold War]] (2004).
* Robert Wiebe. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/dog-day-classics-robert-h-wiebe-and-the-search-for-order/ The Search for Order, 1877 - 1920] (1967).
* Andrew Wiese. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/getting-to-the-mountaintop-the-suburban-dreams-of-african-americans/ Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century] (2004)
* Rhonda Y. Williams. [[The Politics of Public Housing|The Politics of Public Housing: Black Women’s Struggles Against Urban Inequality]] (2004).
* William Appleman Williams. [[The Tragedy of American Diplomacy]] (2009).
* Gwendolyn Wright. [[Building the Dream|Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America]] (1983).
*Yellin, Emily [[Our Mothers' War]] (2004).
*Young B. Marilyn. [[The Vietnam Wars|The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990]] (1991).
*Zimmerman, Andrew. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/the-ties-that-bind-the-transnational-trick-of-immobilizing-the-mobile/ Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South] (2010).
*Washington Harriet. [[Medical Apartheid|Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present]] (2006)
*Robert Frank. [[The Americans|The Americans: Photographs by Robert Frank Introduction by Jack Kerouac]] (1958).
*Aviva Chomsky. [[Linked Labor Histories| Linked Labor Histories : New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class]] (2008 .

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T16:38:58Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T15:08:31Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, And The Making Of A Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[----
]]
}}

Test Still Updating for 10/22 submittal

Linked Labor Histories

Book Summary

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia; operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the ‘invisible hand’ concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively to the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European/American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees, using replacement workers during strikes, which were common and often violent, with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

Over time, Draper built plants in South Carolina and Georgia, moving most manufacturing out of New England. By the late 1960s, Draper was absorbed by Rockwell Standard Company, the predecessor to today’s defense contractor Rockwell Automation (43). Naumkeag eventually faded away after being sold off to a division spun off from Textron Corporation, a multinational which had scooped up numerous textile firms but had since oriented its activities to defense contracting. (104-106). The fading away of Draper and Naumkeag and others similar, and their absorption of these into defense contractors, was a confirmation of a trend described by Chomsky. Also, their demise reflects the actions of American unions, believing in protecting American companies as part of their patriotic duty. This labor-management collaboration, coupled with the migration of both people and plants and the ongoing global economic restructuring of businesses, confirms the trend identified by Chomsky. Left in the lurch were the workers, in both New England and Colombia.

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T15:03:14Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, And The Making Of A Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[----
]]
}}

Test Still Updating for 10/22 submittal

Linked Labor Histories

Book Summary

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia; operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the ‘invisible hand’ concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively to the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European/American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees, using replacement workers during strikes, which were common with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

Over time, Draper built plants in South Carolina and Georgia, moving most manufacturing out of New England. By the late 1960s, Draper was absorbed by Rockwell Standard Company, the predecessor to today’s defense contractor Rockwell Automation (43). Naumkeag eventually faded away after being sold off to a division spun off from Textron Corporation, a multinational which had scooped up numerous textile firms but had since oriented its activities to defense contracting. (104-106). The fading away of Draper and Naumkeag and others similar, and their absorption of these into defense contractors, was a confirmation of a trend described by Chomsky. Also, their demise reflects the actions of American unions, believing in protecting American companies as part of their patriotic duty. This labor-management collaboration, coupled with the migration of both people and plants and the ongoing global economic restructuring of businesses, confirms the trend identified by Chomsky. Left in the lurch were the workers, in both New England and Colombia.

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T14:09:31Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, And The Making Of A Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[----
]]
}}

Test Still Updating for 10/22 submittal

Linked Labor Histories

Book Summary

Textile workers in Massachusetts decided to cooperate with their employers in union negotiations, but their jobs still shifted to South America. (48-55) Loom mechanics in Medellin, fleeing violent Colombia to repair old machines in Massachusetts, faced the same anti-immigrant, low wage environment resisted by the immigrant laborers who built the original looms exported to Colombian textile factories decades prior. (168) Clean coal requirements in US energy generation plants displaced Alabama miners; In turn they were replaced by indigenous miners previously removed from their land to then toil in low sulfur Cerrejon Zona Norte operations in coastal Colombia; operations owned by and producing quite profitably for Exxon. (267-291) Drummond Company miners in Colombia seeking union protection faced violence condoned by government officials, eerily like the chaotic strikes in northern US factories in the 1910s and 1920s (277-278), while multinational corporations with large defense contracts with the United States and Colombian governments supplied materials in general support. Colombian union activists visited laborers in Massachusetts seeking solidarity (290-292), in the same region where Nicola Sacco a century earlier had joined with the International Workers of the World to fight similar conditions. (44-46)

Were these developments simply anecdotes supporting the ‘invisible hand’ concept behind capitalism? Or is there a broader and more developed coordination between business and government which leads to an inevitable ‘race to the bottom’ (11,211-212,268), that pits worker against worker and eventually places the working class globally in the same bucket? Is there an avenue for this developing global working class to pursue countermeasures to achieve humane results in the age of globalization? (303)

Aviva Chomsky takes on these questions in a well written and provocative fashion in Linked Labor Histories.

This book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration. The AFL-CIO union evolved into a policy supporting ‘Americanism’, which inevitably led to labor-management collaboration while softening the fighting spirit of unions. (22-30, 123-126) This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. (6-12) She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.These two are used to exemplify not only the loom and textile industries, but other sectors where the themes of migration, collaboration and restructuring can be applied.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and dramatic sales increases for Draper. In addition to supplying looms to textile mills in New England, the company was also supporting a growing textile industry in the southern United States as well as exporting their looms to growing textile sites in South America. Naumkeag, like many other textile organizations based in New England, expanded aggressively the southern United States, and then to Puerto Rico and finally Colombia. This expansion was against a backdrop of cost challenges caused by government regulations, increased competition from European based textile companies and the resultant price erosion, and labor strife. Draper’s Northrop loom manufacturing processes reflected the ongoing results of ‘efficiency studies' and scientific management enhancements designed to continually increase productivity. (37-40) To gain the most out of their new looms, the textile firms encouraged ‘speed-up and stretch-out’ processes to gain more output with fewer workers. (56-57,64) Manufacturing and textile producing companies of New England, as exemplified by Draper and Naumkeag, had employee pools initially of north European/American stock that had evolved to immigrants from southern and eastern Europe after the turn of the century. Both firms exemplified the manufacturing and textile industry of the region by pitting recent immigrants against their employees, using replacement workers during strikes, which were common with International Workers of the World engagement and radicalization present.

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T10:14:16Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T09:39:24Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T02:28:44Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T02:07:54Z

JRK History MA:

{{Infobox book
| name = Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, And The Making Of A Global Working Class
| author = Aviva Chomsky
| publisher = Duke University Press
| pub_date = 2008-04-01
| pages = 416
| isbn = 9780822341901
| image = [[----
]]
}}

Test

Linked Labor Histories

Book Summary

Aviva Chomsky’s book is a study into the impact of Globalization on two regions of the world, New England and Colombia, in the 20th century. The overall theme of her work is the linkage between the laborers in each region and how, despite their seemingly disparate interests, they became pawns in a complicated process that over time reduced each side to a single, global working class. Chomsky weaves a pattern of coordination among industry, US government domestic and foreign policy, finance and immigration; This pattern rewarded multinational corporations, allied governments and US consumers. Chomsky provides a convincing tale regarding the long and predictable ‘race to the bottom’ which characterized the 20th century relationship for the working class in these two regions. She reaches significant conclusions regarding the causes of the de-industrialization of the United States, the United States support for military and para-military units in Colombia, the coal extraction bonanza for Exxon and the supplying of major defense provider contracts. She caps her study with the question of whether labor should accommodate or fight.

Chomsky approaches her subject from two paradigms; the first connects the themes of migration, labor-management collaboration and global economic restructuring, while the second applies case studies to detail events reflecting these themes. She begins her work by closely examining the textile industry in New England in the early to middle 20th century, through the ramp up and subsequent de-industrialization stories of the Draper and Naumkeag Steam Cotton Companies.

The Draper Company’s products were looms for turning cotton and other fibers into fabrics and materials for clothing and industrial applications, and the introduction of the Northrop Loom after 1910 led to significant productivity increases for the textile industry, and sales increases for Draper.

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T00:50:10Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-22T00:41:44Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-21T23:53:10Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-21T23:41:50Z

JRK History MA:

User:JRK History MA

2018-10-21T23:38:25Z

JRK History MA: Created page with "{{Infobox book | name = The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II | author = Luis Alvarez | publisher = University of Cali..."

{{Infobox book
| name = The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II
| author = Luis Alvarez
| publisher = University of California Press
| pub_date = 2008-06-02
| pages = 336
| isbn = 0520253019
| image = [[File:The Power of the Zoot.jpg|200px|alt=Cover
----
]]
}}