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		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4324</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4324"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:46:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:dark days bright nights - peniel joseph File.jpg|alt=image]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
       Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=File:Dark_days_bright_nights_-_peniel_joseph_File.jpg&amp;diff=4323</id>
		<title>File:Dark days bright nights - peniel joseph File.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=File:Dark_days_bright_nights_-_peniel_joseph_File.jpg&amp;diff=4323"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:40:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4322</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4322"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:39:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:dark days bright nights - peniel joseph File.jpg|alt=image]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4321</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4321"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:37:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4320</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4320"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:35:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = &lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:REPLACE THIS TEXT WITH THE BOOKS&amp;#039;S SHORT TITLE.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = &lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = &lt;br /&gt;
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| isbn           = &lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4319</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4319"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:13:30Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4318</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4318"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:12:42Z</updated>
		
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{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4317</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4317"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:09:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
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{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4316</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4316"/>
				<updated>2018-10-25T01:09:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox book&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = [[File:Dark Days, Bight Nights.jpg|200px|alt=Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption  = &lt;br /&gt;
| author         = Peniel E. Joseph&lt;br /&gt;
| translator     = &lt;br /&gt;
| country        = United States of America&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = English&lt;br /&gt;
| series         = &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher      = BasicCivitas Books&lt;br /&gt;
| pub_date       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| pages          = 229&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn           = 978-0-465-01366&lt;br /&gt;
| oclc           = &lt;br /&gt;
| congress       = &lt;br /&gt;
}}	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4308</id>
		<title>Dark Days, Bright Nights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Dark_Days,_Bright_Nights&amp;diff=4308"/>
				<updated>2018-10-23T17:36:49Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: Created page with &amp;quot;           “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;           “Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barrack Obama”, by Peniel E. Joseph, is a boot that explores the black power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, its’ impact of the Civil Rights movement, and how, Joseph argues, it paved the way for the first African-American became president.  Joseph includes profiles of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael.&lt;br /&gt;
	Joseph shows in his book that, while the civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were soon overshadowed bey angry confrontational black power activists, this all was provided as a stepping stone that eventually culminated in the inauguration of Barrack Obama.  He continues to argue that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 opened a proverbial dam that was holding back “radical Democratic impulses”.  The initial “impulse” to form as the black power movement, at first was considered to be a failure, actually helped pave the way for a new wave of black leadership.  Joseph then retells this movement through the lives of various movement leaders like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and even Obama himself, in order to shine a light on the achievements that were gained by the black power movements that seemed to be unfairly forgotten about.  In doing this, “Dark Days, Bright Nights” helps expose the triumphs as well as its influence on American democracy after being rattled with 50 years with of struggles.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 1, entitled “Reimagining the Black Power movement”, the black power movement helped shape and permanently change “black identity” and paved the political landscape which eventually introduced diversity and multiculturism.  It was the rhetoric of those who were considered “radicals”, like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael that helped spark the debate over issues such as equal rights and the idea of black identity.  They helped raise questions of the legitimacy of certain democratic institutions whose doors were closed to African-Americans.  While Malcolm X’s views on social and civic justice seemed to be viewed as “radical” in the Northern states, and Carmichael’s approach to civil rights in the south seemed to be more passive-aggressive, both approaches were mistakenly viewed as a dichotomy, when, in fact, they proverbially walked hand in hand with each other reaching the same end by reaching it through means that the respective leaders felt were appropriate for the region.  Joseph explains that, between the black power militants in New York and the Civil Rights activists in the southeast, a new generation of well-known African-American advocates has emerged in recent years.  For example, the rap group Public Enemy and their song “Fight the Power”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 2, entitled “Malcolm X, Harlem and American Democracy”, Joseph writes that Malcolm X was known for his constant struggle for equal rights for all African-Americans and his speeches on how whites generally treated the African-American race.  Malcolm has been quoted as saying “whenever a Negro fights for democracy, he is fighting for something he has not got, never had and never will have, from one of his speeches from 1964.  He even once told a reporter, Louis Lomax, that they (the African-American community) respect authority, but they are ready to fight, and die, in defense of their lives.  In the 10 years he was involved with the Nation of Islam, he openly criticized American democracy due to the fact that it was not able to guarantee black citizenship and was unable to protect the lives of civil rights activists.  In fact, in 1955, Malcolm analyzed the word “democracy” and declared it to be “judged it to be the rule of evil that promoted death and misery in the black community”, according to the Philadelphia’s F.B.I.’s informants.  As it turns out, Malcolm was quite talented and rather good at organizing community get-togethers and functions.  Thanks to Malcolm’s organizational skills, he become the chief strategist, main recruiter and organizational architect for “The Nation”.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 3, entitled “Stokely Carmichael and America in the 1950’s”, Joseph states that while Malcolm was doing his part in Harlem, and other parts of the United States, Carmichael was doing what he could in the south.  And like Malcolm, Carmichael was one of the more important political figures in the civil rights movements yet has been overshadowed by other leaders.  He has been described as a “civil rights militant turned black power revolutionary”.  Through his experiences as a civil rights organizer, he identified himself with poor black, and their political struggles, in the rural area of the south.  As one who traveled around to help share croppers register to vote, he unwittingly became an icon of the national stage.  Yet, while he helped coin the slogan “Black Power”, and was such a public political leader, bot a lot of the res of his life was really known.  &lt;br /&gt;
	With his political views, hi felt that pat-Africanism was the zenith of unity of Africans everywhere.  In fact, he eventually moved to Guinea and lived there until his death from prostate cancer in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
	In chapter 4, entitled “A Place Where All Things are Possible Barrack Obama and Dreams of Democracy”, Joseph mentions that Obama was born in 1961, which was the same year that Freedom Riders faced jail time for helping desegregate interstate travel across the country.  Obama once said, in a 2007 speech, that “the narrative of black politics is still shaped by the ‘60’s and black power”, and that the country is caught in some form of time warp.  Joseph also writes that Obama shares a common public misconception with many others about the very nature of the black power movement and the very nature of its aims and all of its achievements.  Joseph continues that black power activists fought for “bread and butter” issues that made an impact on the everyday lives of all Americans, like having good public schools, having decent housing, health care and employment.  Obama, however, did acknowledge how the politics display a crucial role in d helping shape contemporary politics, even though he never really did embrace the legacy of the 1960’s.&lt;br /&gt;
	These chapters, while they make no promises of a happy ending, “they probe the transformations in post-war America since the Civil Rights era through key historical figures who found common ground trying to reimagine American Democracy.” (Joseph, p. 10)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Twentieth_Century_United_States&amp;diff=4307</id>
		<title>Twentieth Century United States</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.videri.org/index.php?title=Twentieth_Century_United_States&amp;diff=4307"/>
				<updated>2018-10-23T17:25:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jmcmahon9: /* Book Summaries */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Book Summaries==&lt;br /&gt;
* Donna Alvah. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/women-and-children-first-the-importance-of-gender-and-military-families-in-the-cold-war-era/ Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946-1965] (2007).&lt;br /&gt;
* Luis Alvarez. [[The Power of the Zoot|The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II]] (2008). &lt;br /&gt;
* Karen Anderson. [[Wartime Women|Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II]] (1981). &lt;br /&gt;
* Michael Aronson. [[Nickelodeon City|Nickelodeon City: Pittsburgh at the Movies, 1905-1929]] (2008).&lt;br /&gt;
* Eric Avila. [[Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight|Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight: Fear and Fantasy in Suburban Los Angeles]] (2004). &lt;br /&gt;
* Beth Bailey. [[America’s Army|America’s Army: Making the All-Volunteer Force]] (2009). &lt;br /&gt;
* Beth Bailey &amp;amp; David Farber. [[The First Strange Place|The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii]] (1992). &lt;br /&gt;
* Beth Bailey. [[From Front Porch to Back Seat|From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America]] (1989).&lt;br /&gt;
* Mark Brilliant. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/californication-race-ethnicity-and-unity-in-twentieth-century-california/ Californication: Race, Ethnicity, and Unity in Twentieth Century California] (2012). &lt;br /&gt;
* Amy Bridges. [[Morning Glories]] (1999). &lt;br /&gt;
* Laura Briggs. [[Reproducing Empire|Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico]] (2002). &lt;br /&gt;
* Alan Brinkley. [[Voices of Protest|Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, &amp;amp; the Great Depression]] (1983). &lt;br /&gt;
* Charlotte Brooks. [[Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends|Alien Neighbors, Foreign Friends: Asian Americans, Housing, and the Transformation of Urban California]] (2009).&lt;br /&gt;
* William Fitzhugh Brundage. [[The Southern Past|The Southern Past: a Clash of Race and Memory]] (2005). &lt;br /&gt;
* Catherine Fisher Collins. [[The Imprisonment of African American Women| The Imprisonment of African American Women: Causes, Conditions, and Future Implications]] (1997). &lt;br /&gt;
* Robert Caro. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/12/dog-days-classics-robert-caros-controversial-portrait-of-robert-moses-and-new-york/ The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York](1974)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ta-Nehisi Coates. [[We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy]] (2017).&lt;br /&gt;
* Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley - His Battle for the Nation and Chicago] (2001)&lt;br /&gt;
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[A Consumers’ Republic|A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America]] (2003). &lt;br /&gt;
* Lizabeth Cohen. [[Making a New Deal|Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939]] (2008). &lt;br /&gt;
* Stephanie Coontz. [[The Way We Never Were|The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap]] (1992).&lt;br /&gt;
* Nancy F. Cott. [[Public Vows|Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation]] (2002). &lt;br /&gt;
* Alfred W. Crosby. [[America&amp;#039;s Forgotten Pandemic|America&amp;#039;s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918]] (2003). &lt;br /&gt;
* Pete Daniel, [[Lost Revolutions|Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s]] (2000)&lt;br /&gt;
* Mike Davis. [[City of Quartz|City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles]] (2006). &lt;br /&gt;
* Mike Davis &amp;amp; Michael Sprinker. [[Magical Urbanism|Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US Big City]] (2001). &lt;br /&gt;
* Michael J. Dear. [[The Postmodern Urban Condition]] (2001). &lt;br /&gt;
* Joy DeGruy [[Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America&amp;#039;s Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing]] (2005). &lt;br /&gt;
* Robert C. Donnelly. [[Dark Rose]] (2011). &lt;br /&gt;
* Steven Erie. [[Globalizing L.A.|Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development]] (2004). &lt;br /&gt;
* Steven P. Erie. [[Beyond Chinatown|Beyond Chinatown: The Metropolitan Water District, Growth, and the Environment in Southern California]] (2006). &lt;br /&gt;
* Elizabeth Ewen. [[Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars]] (1985). &lt;br /&gt;
* Dannelly Farrow. [[Dixie&amp;#039;s Daughters]] (2003).&lt;br /&gt;
* Barbara Ferman. [[Challenging the Growth Machine|Challenging the Growth Machine: Neighborhood Politics in Chicago and Pittsburgh]] (1996). &lt;br /&gt;
* Marcie Ferris and Mark Greenberg. [[Jewish Roots in Southern Soil|Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: A New History]] (2006). &lt;br /&gt;
* John M. Findlay. [[Magic Lands|Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture After 1940]] (1993).&lt;br /&gt;
* Robert Frank. [[The Americans|The Americans: Photographs by Robert Frank Introduction by Jack Kerouac]] (1958).&lt;br /&gt;
* Elizabeth Fraterrigo [[Playboy and the Making of the Good Life of Modern America]] (2009)&lt;br /&gt;
* Christina Greene. [[Our Separate Ways|Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina]] (2005). &lt;br /&gt;
* Steven Gregory. [[Black Corona|Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community]] (1999). &lt;br /&gt;
* Jason Hackworth. [[The Neoliberal City|The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism]] (2006). &lt;br /&gt;
* William Ivy Hair. [[Carnival of Fury|Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900]] (2008).&lt;br /&gt;
* Tona J. Hangen.  [[Redeeming the Dial|Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion, and Popular Culture in America]]  (2013). &lt;br /&gt;
* Andrew Hartman. [[A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars]] (2015)&lt;br /&gt;
* Chester W. Hartman. [[Yerba Buena|Yerba Buena: land grab and community resistance in San Francisco,]] (1974). &lt;br /&gt;
* Georgina Hickey. [[Hope and Danger in the New South City|Hope and Danger in the New South City: Working-Class Women and Urban Development in Atlanta, 1890-1940]] (2005). &lt;br /&gt;
* Richard Hofstadter. [[The American Political Tradition|The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made it]] (1989). &lt;br /&gt;
* Richard Hofstadter. [[Social Darwinism in American Thought]] (1992).&lt;br /&gt;
* Daniel Horowitz. [[Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”|Betty Friedan and the Making of “The Feminine Mystique”: The American Left, the Cold War, and Modern Feminism]] (2000).&lt;br /&gt;
* John A. Jakle and Keith A. Sculle. [[Lots of Parking|Lots of Parking: Land Use in a Car Culture]] (2004). &lt;br /&gt;
* Daniel Martinez HoSang. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/erasing-race-whiteness-california-and-the-colorblind-bind/ Racial Propositions: Ballot Initiatives and the Making of Postwar California](2010)&lt;br /&gt;
* Benjamin Hufbauer. [[Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory]] (2005).&lt;br /&gt;
* Jonathan Hughes (Editor)&amp;amp; Simon Sadler (Editor).[[Non-Plan|Non-Plan: Essays on Freedom, Participation and Change in Modern Architecture and Urbanism]] (2000). &lt;br /&gt;
* Daniel Hurewitz. [[Bohemian Los Angeles|Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics]] (2007). &lt;br /&gt;
* Marilynn S. Johnson. [[The Second Gold Rush|The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II]] (1994). &lt;br /&gt;
* Sharon Foster Jones. [[Atlanta&amp;#039;s Ponce de Leon Avenue: A History]] (2012)&lt;br /&gt;
* Peniel E Joseph. [[Dark Days, Bright Nights|Dark Day s Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barack Obama]] (2010)&lt;br /&gt;
* Tony Judt. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/01/24/neoliberalisms-license-to-ill/ Ill Fares the Land] (2011).&lt;br /&gt;
* Lucy Kaylin. [[For the Love of God | For the Love of God: The Faith and Future of the American Nun]] (2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Kempton, Willet [[Environmental Values in American Culture]] (1999) &lt;br /&gt;
* Larry D. Kramer. [[The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review]] (2004).&lt;br /&gt;
* Joel Kotkin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/americas-ace-in-the-hole-is-of-course-its-awesomeness/ The Next Hundred Million:America in 2050] (2010)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kevin M. Kruse. [[White Flight|White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism]] (2007). &lt;br /&gt;
* Matthew D. Lassiter. [[The Silent Majority|The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South]] (2007).&lt;br /&gt;
* Tim Lawrence. [[Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-1983|Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor 1980-83]] (2016).&lt;br /&gt;
*Gary L. Lehring. [[Officially Gay|The Political Construction of Sexuality by the U. S. Military]] (2003).&lt;br /&gt;
* William R. Leach. [[Land of Desire|Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture]] (1994). &lt;br /&gt;
* Michael F. Logan. [[Fighting Sprawl and City Hall|Fighting Sprawl and City Hall: Resistance to Urban Growth in the Southwest]] (1995). &lt;br /&gt;
* Fredrik Logevall. [[Choosing War|Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam]] (1999). &lt;br /&gt;
* Roger W. Lotchin. [[Fortress California, 1910-1961|Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare]] (2002). &lt;br /&gt;
* Lisa Lowe. [[Immigrant Acts|Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics]] (1996). &lt;br /&gt;
* Robert S. Lynd &amp;amp; Helen Merrell Lynd. [[Middletown|Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture]] (1959).&lt;br /&gt;
* Catherine Lutz. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Homefront: A Military City and the American 20th Century] (2001). &lt;br /&gt;
* Nancy MacLean. [[Freedom Is Not Enough|Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace]] (2008). &lt;br /&gt;
* John Markoff. [[What the Dormouse Said|What the Dorm Mouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Indsutry]] (2005). &lt;br /&gt;
* Isaac Martin. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/stalking-the-tax-man-the-pervasive-influence-of-the-property-tax-revolt/ The Permanent Tax Revolt: How Property Tax Transformed America] (2008).&lt;br /&gt;
* Douglas Massey &amp;amp; Nancy Denton. [[American Apartheid|American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass]] (1993). &lt;br /&gt;
* Elaine Tyler May. [[America and The Pill|America and The Pill: A History of Promise, Peril, and Liberation]] (2010). &lt;br /&gt;
* Carol Lynn McKibben. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Racial Beachhead: Diversity and Democracy in a Military Town] (2012).&lt;br /&gt;
* Lisa McGirr. [[Suburban Warriors|Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right]] (2002). &lt;br /&gt;
* James Miller. [[Flowers in the Dustbin|Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947-1977]] (2000). &lt;br /&gt;
* Glen M. Mimura. [[Ghostlife of the Third Cinema|Ghostlife of Third Cinema: Asian American Film and Video]] (2009). &lt;br /&gt;
* John Hull Mollenkopf. [[The Contested City]] (1983). &lt;br /&gt;
* Maggi M. Morehouse.  [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Man and Women Remember World War II] (2000).&lt;br /&gt;
* Edward P. Morgan. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/a-mediating-mess-how-american-post-wwii-media-undermined-democracy/ What Really Happened to the Sixties: How Mass Media Culture Failed American Democracy] (2011)&lt;br /&gt;
* Charles Moskos Jr. and John Sibley Butler. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2013/02/11/double-victory-from-wwii-to-the-avf-african-americans-and-the-u-s-military/ All That We Can Be: Black Leadership and Racial Integration the Army Way] (1996).&lt;br /&gt;
* Andrew H. Myers. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/3187/ Black, White, and Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and the Civil Rights Movement] (2006).&lt;br /&gt;
* Mae Ngai. [[Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America]] (2014). &lt;br /&gt;
* Armando Navarro. [[The Cristal Experiment|The Cristal Experiment: A Chicano Struggle for Community Control]] (1998). &lt;br /&gt;
* Becky M. Nicolaides. [[My Blue Heaven|My Blue Heaven: Life and Politics in the Working-Class Suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920-1965]] (2002). &lt;br /&gt;
* Carol Padden and Tom Humphries. [[Deaf in America|Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture]](1988).&lt;br /&gt;
* Anthony M. Petro.  [[After the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion]] (2015).&lt;br /&gt;
* Margaret Pugh O’Mara. [[Cities of Knowledge|Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley]] (2004). &lt;br /&gt;
* Gilbert Osofsky. [[Harlem|Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto : Negro New York, 1890-1930]] (1996). &lt;br /&gt;
* Rick Perlstein. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/essence-precedes-existence-the-problem-of-identity-politics-in-hurewitzs-bohemian-la/ Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America](2009).&lt;br /&gt;
* Patrick Phillips. [[Blood at the Root|Blood at the Root: Racial Cleansing in America]] (2016).&lt;br /&gt;
* Rebecca Jo Plant. [[Mom|Mom: The Transformation of Motherhood in Modern America]] (2012). &lt;br /&gt;
* Brenda Gayle Plummer. [[Window on Freedom|Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1988]] (2003).&lt;br /&gt;
* Jerald E. Podair. [[The Strike that Changed New York|The Strike that Changed New York: Blacks, Whites, and the Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis]] (2002).&lt;br /&gt;
* Doris Marie Provine. [[Unequal Under Law|Unequal Under Law: Race in the War on Drugs]] (2007). &lt;br /&gt;
* Daniel T. Rodgers. [[Contested Truths|Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence]] (1998). &lt;br /&gt;
* David Roediger. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2012/08/30/dog-days-classics-the-wages-of-whiteness-and-the-white-people-who-love-them/ The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class] (1991).&lt;br /&gt;
* David Roediger. [[Working Toward Whiteness|Working Toward Whiteness: How America&amp;#039;s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs]] (2005)&lt;br /&gt;
* Adam Rome. [[The Bulldozer in the Countryside|The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism]] (2001). &lt;br /&gt;
* Richard Ronald. [[The Ideology of Home Ownership|The Ideology of Home Ownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing]] (2008). &lt;br /&gt;
* Jake Rosenfeld. [[What Unions No Longer Do]] (2014). &lt;br /&gt;
* Peter Henry Rossi &amp;amp; Robert A. Dentler. [[The Politics of Urban Renewal|The Politics of Urban Renewal: The Chicago Findings]] (1981).&lt;br /&gt;
* Sheila Rowbotham [[Dreamers of a New Day|Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the Twentieth Century]] (2010).&lt;br /&gt;
* Mike Royko. [http://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/dog-days-classics-political-boss-and-midwestern-pharaoh-richard-j-daleys-chicago-legacy/ Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago] (1971)  &lt;br /&gt;
* Roger Sanjek. [[The Future of Us All|The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City]] (1998).&lt;br /&gt;
* Jennifer Scanlon. [[Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown, the Woman Behind Cosmopolitan Magazine]] (2009). &lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Jmcmahon9</name></author>	</entry>

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